Article List
Article List
These articles dig into topics in their own right — such as the differences between UUID versions or how UNIX time works — separate from how to use any particular tool.
When SVG Isn't Enough — Why PNG Still Matters and How Browsers Convert Between Them
SVG's scalability and CSS flexibility don't help when platforms like OGP, email, and Slack simply reject it. Here's why PNG is still necessary and how the Canvas API handles the conversion.
Three Places Where Base64 and Base64URL Produce Different Output
The same bytes encode differently in Base64 vs Base64URL in three distinct ways: character substitution, padding, and how = behaves in URLs. Most JWT decoding failures trace back to mixing these up.
Who Guarantees the Order of ULIDs Generated in the Same Millisecond?
Plain ULID generation breaks ordering within the same millisecond. We read the monotonicFactory source to see exactly how it increments the random bits, and compare that with UUID v7.
VLSM falls apart unless you allocate uneven subnets largest first
Splitting 192.168.1.0/24 across four departments with different host counts, this post traces why allocating from the smallest subnet first leaves the address space too fragmented for later, larger blocks.
Why You Should Never Use encodeURI to Encode a Query Parameter
Encoding a single query string value with encodeURI lets characters like & and = survive, which can break the structure of the URL itself. This article walks through an actual case where the URL breaks and clarifies the boundary between encodeURI and encodeURIComponent.
Why the CIDR host-count formula breaks down at /31 and /32
The "-2" in the standard CIDR host-count formula comes from reserving a network and broadcast address — and that's exactly why /31 and /32 don't follow it.
Network and broadcast addresses are just AND and OR
Using 192.168.1.130/26 — a CIDR that splits in the middle of an octet — as an example, we trace exactly how bitwise AND and OR produce the network and broadcast addresses.
How UNIX Time Handles Leap Seconds
Explains the relationship between UNIX time's fixed 86400-second day and leap seconds, and what to watch out for when converting.
UUID v4 vs. v7: Differences and When to Use Each
Explains the internal structure of randomly generated v4 and chronologically sortable v7, and the use cases each is best suited for.
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